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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

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Enacted
2023-12-25
Chapters
20
Sections
358

About this act

Overview & editorial context

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: A New Framework for Criminal Law

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, is a comprehensive overhaul of India's criminal law, replacing the century-old Indian Penal Code (IPC). It aims to modernize the legal framework, address contemporary challenges, and align with the nation's evolving values.  

The BNS retains the core structure of the IPC but introduces significant changes. It introduces new offences like terrorism and organised crime, reflecting the changing nature of criminal activities. The law also emphasizes community service as a form of punishment for minor offences, promoting restorative justice. A notable change is the removal of sedition as a crime, replacing it with a new offence related to endangering the nation's sovereignty, unity, and integrity.  

The BNS has been criticized for certain provisions, particularly those related to bail and the admissibility of confessions, which are seen as curtailing the rights of the accused. Additionally, the law has been accused of creating overlaps with existing state-level laws on organised crime.  

Despite the criticisms, the BNS is a significant step towards reforming India's criminal justice system. It reflects the government's intent to address emerging threats and provide a more effective legal framework for the country. However, the long-term impact of the law will depend on its implementation and interpretation by the courts.  

Key points:

  • Replaces the Indian Penal Code
  • Introduces new offences like terrorism and organised crime  
  • Emphasizes community service as a punishment  
  • Removes sedition as a crime
  • Faces criticism for certain provisions

The BNS is a complex piece of legislation with far-reaching implications. It is essential to carefully analyze its provisions and understand their potential impact on individuals and society.

Change summary

This act replaces the old act - Indian Penal Code, 1860

122 Changed
10 Added
19 Deleted

Section index

Browse chapters & sections

Each section opens its dedicated LawFinder page for notes, bookmarks, and related references.

Chapter I

Chapter I

3 sections
Chapter II

Chapter II

10 sections
Chapter III

Chapter III

31 sections
§ 14 Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law
§ 15 Act of Judge when acting judiciall
§ 16 Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court
§ 17 Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law
§ 18 Accident in doing a lawful act
§ 19 Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
§ 20 Act of a child under seven years of age
§ 21 Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding
§ 22 Act of a person of unsound mind
§ 23 Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will
§ 24 Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated
§ 25 Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent
§ 26 Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit
§ 27 Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian
§ 28 Consent known to be given under fear or misconception
§ 29 Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused
§ 30 Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent
§ 31 Communication made in good faith
§ 32 Act to which a person is compelled by threats
§ 33 Act causing slight harm
§ 34 Things done in private defence
§ 35 Right of private defence of body and of property
§ 36 Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc
§ 37 Acts against which there is no right of private defence
§ 38 When right of private defence of body extends to causing death
§ 39 When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
§ 40 Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body
§ 41 When right of private defence of property extends to causing death
§ 42 When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
§ 43 Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property
§ 44 Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person
Chapter IV

Chapter IV

18 sections
Chapter V

Chapter V

37 sections
§ 63 Rape
§ 64 Punishment for rape
§ 65 Punishment for rape in certain cases
§ 66 Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim
§ 67 Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation
§ 68 Sexual intercourse by a person in authority
§ 69 Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc
§ 70 Gang rape
§ 71 Punishment for repeat offenders
§ 72 Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc
§ 73 Printing or publishing any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission
§ 74 Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty
§ 75 Sexual harassment
§ 76 Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe
§ 77 Voyeurism
§ 78 Stalking
§ 79 Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman
§ 80 Dowry death
§ 81 Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage
§ 82 Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife
§ 83 Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage
§ 84 Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman
§ 85 Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty
§ 86 Cruelty defined
§ 87 Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc
§ 88 Causing miscarriage
§ 89 Causing miscarriage without woman's consent
§ 90 Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage
§ 91 Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth
§ 92 Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide
§ 93 Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of it
§ 94 Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body
§ 95 Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence
§ 96 Procuration of child
§ 97 Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person
§ 98 Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc
§ 99 Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc
Chapter VI

Chapter VI

47 sections
§ 100 Culpable homicide
§ 101 Murder
§ 102 Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended
§ 103 Punishment for murder
§ 104 Punishment for murder by life-convict
§ 105 Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder
§ 106 Causing death by negligence
§ 107 Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind
§ 108 Abetment of suicide
§ 109 Attempt to murder
§ 110 Attempt to commit culpable homicide
§ 111 Organised crime
§ 112 Petty Organized crime
§ 113 Terrorist act
§ 114 Hurt
§ 115 Voluntarily causing hurt
§ 116 Grievous hurt
§ 117 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt
§ 118 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means
§ 119 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act
§ 120 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property
§ 121 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty
§ 122 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation
§ 123 Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence
§ 124 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc
§ 125 Act Endangering life or personal safety of others
§ 126 Wrongful restraint
§ 127 Wrongful confinement
§ 128 Force
§ 129 Criminal force
§ 130 Assault
§ 131 Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation
§ 132 Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty
§ 133 Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonor person, otherwise than on grave provocation
§ 134 Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person
§ 135 Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person
§ 136 Assault or criminal force on grave provocation
§ 137 Kidnapping
§ 138 Abduction
§ 139 Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging
§ 140 Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc
§ 141 Importation of girl or boy from foreign country
§ 142 Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person
§ 143 Trafficking of person
§ 144 Exploitation of a trafficked person
§ 145 Habitual dealing in slaves
§ 146 Unlawful compulsory labour
Chapter VII

Chapter VII

12 sections
Chapter VIII

Chapter VIII

10 sections
Chapter IX

Chapter IX

9 sections
Chapter X

Chapter X

11 sections
Chapter XI

Chapter XI

9 sections
Chapter XII

Chapter XII

8 sections
Chapter XIII

Chapter XIII

21 sections
§ 206 Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding
§ 207 Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof
§ 208 Nonattendance in obedience to an order from public servant
§ 209 Nonappearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
§ 210 Omission to Produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it
§ 211 Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it
§ 212 Furnishing False information
§ 213 Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it
§ 214 Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question
§ 215 Refusing to sign statement
§ 216 False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation
§ 217 False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person
§ 218 Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant
§ 219 Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant
§ 220 Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant
§ 221 Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions
§ 222 Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance
§ 223 Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant
§ 224 Threat of injury to public servant
§ 225 Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant
§ 226 Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power
Chapter XIV

Chapter XIV

43 sections
§ 227 Giving false evidence
§ 228 Fabricating false evidence
§ 229 Punishment for false evidence
§ 230 Giving or Fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence
§ 231 Giving or Fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment
§ 232 Threatening any person to give false evidence
§ 233 Using evidence known to be false
§ 234 Issuing or signing false certificate
§ 235 Using as true a Certificate known to be false
§ 236 False Statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence
§ 237 Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false
§ 238 Causing Disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender
§ 239 Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform
§ 240 Giving false information respecting an offence committed
§ 241 Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence
§ 242 False Personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution
§ 243 Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
§ 244 Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
§ 245 Fraudulently Suffering decree for sum not due
§ 246 Dishonestly making false claim in Court
§ 247 Fraudulently Obtaining decree for sum not due
§ 248 False charge of offence made with intent to injure
§ 249 Harbouring offender
§ 250 Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment
§ 251 Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender
§ 252 Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc
§ 253 Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered
§ 254 Penalty for Harbouring robbers or dacoits
§ 255 Public servant Disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture
§ 256 Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture
§ 257 Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law
§ 258 Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law
§ 259 Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend
§ 260 Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed
§ 261 Escape from Confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant
§ 262 Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension
§ 263 Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person
§ 264 Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for
§ 265 Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for
§ 266 Violation of condition of remission of punishment
§ 267 Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding
§ 268 Personation of assessor
§ 269 Failure by person released on bail bond or bond to appear in Court
Chapter XV

Chapter XV

28 sections
Chapter XVI

Chapter XVI

5 sections
Chapter XVII

Chapter XVII

32 sections
§ 303 Theft
§ 304 Snatching
§ 305 Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc
§ 306 Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master
§ 307 Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft
§ 308 Extortion
§ 309 Robbery
§ 310 Dacoity
§ 311 Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt
§ 312 Attempt to Commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon
§ 313 Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc
§ 314 Dishonest Misappropriation of property
§ 315 Dishonest Misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death
§ 316 Criminal breach of trust
§ 317 Stolen property
§ 318 Cheating
§ 319 Cheating by personation
§ 320 Dishonest or Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors
§ 321 Dishonestly or Fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors
§ 322 Dishonest or Fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration
§ 323 Dishonest or Fraudulent removal or concealment of property
§ 324 Mischief
§ 325 Mischief by killing or maiming animal
§ 326 Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc
§ 327 Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden
§ 328 Punishment for Intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc
§ 329 Criminal trespass and house-trespass
§ 330 House-trespass and housebreaking
§ 331 Punishment for house-trespass or housebreaking
§ 332 House-trespass in order to commit offence
§ 333 House-trespass After preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint
§ 334 Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property
Chapter XVIII

Chapter XVIII

16 sections
Chapter XIX

Chapter XIX

7 sections
Chapter XX

Chapter XX

1 section

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