Section 1 Short title, extent and commencement | Section 1 Short title, application and commencement | |
Section 3 Interpretation clause | | |
Section 4 "May presume" | | |
Section 5 Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts | Section 3 Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts | |
Section 6 Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction | Section 4 Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction | |
Section 7 Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue | Section 5 Facts which are occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue or relevant facts | |
Section 8 Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct | Section 6 Motive, Preparation and previous or subsequent conduct | |
Section 9 Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts | Section 7 Facts necessary to explain or introduce fact in issue or relevant facts | |
Section 10 Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design | Section 8 Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design | |
Section 11 When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant | Section 9 When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant | |
Section 12 In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant | Section 10 Facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant in suits for damages | |
Section 13 Facts relevant when right or custom is in question | Section 11 Facts relevant when right or custom is in question | |
Section 14 Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feeling | Section 12 Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feeling | |
Section 15 Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional | Section 13 Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional | |
Section 16 Existence of course of business when relevant | Section 14 Existence of course of business when relevant | |
Section 17 Admission defined | Section 15 Admission defined | |
Section 18 Admission-by party to proceeding or his agent | Section 16 Admission by party to proceeding or his agent | |
Section 19 Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit | Section 17 Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit | |
Section 20 Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit | Section 18 Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit | |
Section 21 Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf | Section 19 Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf | |
Section 22 When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant | Section 20 When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant | |
Section 22 When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant | Section Schedule Certificate | |
Section 22A When oral admission as to contents of electronic records are relevant | Section 20 When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant | |
Section 22A When oral admission as to contents of electronic records are relevant | Section Schedule Certificate | |
Section 23 Admission in civil cases relevant | Section 21 Admissions in civil cases when relevant | |
Section 24 Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise when irrelevant in criminal proceedings | Section 22 Confession caused by inducement, threat, coercion or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding | |
Section 25 Confession to police officer not to be proved | Section 23 Confession to police officer | |
Section 26 Confession by accused while in custody of police not to be proved against him | Section 23 Confession to police officer | |
Section 27 How much of information received from accused may be proved | Section 23 Confession to police officer | |
Section 28 Confession made after removal of impression caused by inducement, threat or promise, relevant | Section 22 Confession caused by inducement, threat, coercion or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding | |
Section 29 Confession otherwise relevant not to become irrelevant because of promise of secrecy, etc. | Section 22 Confession caused by inducement, threat, coercion or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding | |
Section 30 Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence | Section 24 Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence | |
Section 31 Admission not conclusive proof, but may estop | Section 25 Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estop | |
Section 32 Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc, is relevant | Section 26 Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant | |
Section 33 Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, the truth of facts therein stated | Section 27 Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, truth of facts therein stated | |
Section 34 Entries in books of account when relevant | Section 28 Entries in books of account when relevant | |
Section 35 Relevancy of entry in public record made in performance of duty | Section 29 Relevancy of entry in public record or an electronic record made in performance of duty | |
Section 36 Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans | Section 30 Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans | |
Section 37 Relevancy of statement as to fact of public nature, contained in certain acts or notifications | Section 31 Relevancy of statement as to fact of public nature contained in certain Acts or notifications | |
Section 38 Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law-books | Section 32 Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law books including electronic or digital form | |
Section 39 What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, electronic record, book or series of letters or papers. | Section 33 What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, electronic record, book or series of letters or papers | |
Section 40 Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial | Section 34 Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial | |
Section 41 Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc. jurisdiction | Section 35 Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction | |
Section 42 Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in section 41 | Section 36 Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in section 35 | |
Section 43 Judgment, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 40 to 42, when relevant | Section 37 Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 34, 35 and 36 when relevant | |
Section 44 Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved | Section 38 Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved | |
Section 45 Opinions of experts | Section 39 Opinions of experts | |
Section 45 Opinions of experts | Section 39 Opinions of experts | |
Section 46 Facts bearing upon opinions of experts | Section 40 Facts bearing upon opinions of experts | |
Section 47 Opinion as to handwriting, when relevant | Section 41 Opinion as to handwriting and signature, when relevant | |
Section 47 Opinion as to handwriting, when relevant | Section 41 Opinion as to handwriting and signature, when relevant | |
Section 47A Opinion as to digital signature where relevant | Section 41 Opinion as to handwriting and signature, when relevant | |
Section 47A Opinion as to digital signature where relevant | Section 41 Opinion as to handwriting and signature, when relevant | |
Section 48 Opinion as to existence of right or custom, when relevant | Section 42 Opinion as to existence of general custom or right, when relevant | |
Section 49 Opinion as to usage, tenets, etc., when relevant | Section 43 Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant | |
Section 50 Opinion on relationship, when relevant | Section 44 Opinion on relationship, when relevant | |
Section 52 In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant | Section 46 In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant | |
Section 53 In criminal cases previous good character relevant | Section 47 In criminal cases previous good character relevant | |
Section 53 In criminal cases previous good character relevant | Section 48 Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases | |
Section 54 Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply | Section 49 Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply | |
Section 55 Character as affecting damages | Section 50 Character as Affecting damages | |
Section 56 Fact Judicially noticeable need not be proved | Section 51 Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved | |
Section 57 Facts of which Court must take judicial notice | Section 52 Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice | |
Section 58 Facts admitted need not be proved | Section 53 Facts admitted need not be proved | |
Section 59 Proof of facts by oral evidence | Section 54 Proof of facts by oral evidence | |
Section 60 Oral evidence must be direct | Section 55 Oral evidence to be direct | |
Section 61 Proof of contents of documents | Section 56 Proof of contents of documents | |
Section 62 Primary evidence | Section 57 Primary Evidence | |
Section 63 Secondary evidence | Section 58 Secondary Evidence | |
Section 64 Proof of documents by primary evidence | Section 59 Proof of documents by primary evidence | |
Section 65 Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given | Section 60 Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given | |
Section 65 Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given | Section 62 Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record | |
Section 65 Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given | Section 63 Admissibility of electronic records | |
Section 65A Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record | Section 60 Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given | |
Section 65A Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record | Section 62 Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record | |
Section 65A Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record | Section 63 Admissibility of electronic records | |
Section 65B Admissibility of electronic records | Section 60 Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given | |
Section 65B Admissibility of electronic records | Section 62 Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record | |
Section 65B Admissibility of electronic records | Section 63 Admissibility of electronic records | |
Section 66 Rules as to notice to produce | Section 64 Rules as to notice to produce | |
Section 67 Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced | Section 65 Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced | |
Section 67 Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced | Section 66 Proof as to Electronic signature | |
Section 67A Proof as to digital signature | Section 65 Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced | |
Section 67A Proof as to digital signature | Section 66 Proof as to Electronic signature | |
Section 68 Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested | Section 67 Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested | |
Section 69 Proof where no attesting witness found | Section 68 Proof where no attesting witness found | |
Section 70 Admission of execution by party to attested document | Section 69 Admission of execution by party to attested document | |
Section 71 Proof when attesting witness denies the execution | Section 70 Proof when Attesting witness denies execution | |
Section 72 Proof of document not required by law to be attested | Section 71 Proof of document not required by law to be attested | |
Section 73 Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved | Section 72 Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved | |
Section 73 Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved | Section 73 Proof as to verification of digital signature | |
Section 73A Proofs as to verification of digital signature | Section 72 Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved | |
Section 73A Proofs as to verification of digital signature | Section 73 Proof as to verification of digital signature | |
Section 74 Public documents | Section 74 Public and private documents | |
Section 75 Private documents | Section 74 Public and private documents | |
Section 76 Certified copies of public documents | Section 75 Certified copies of public documents | |
Section 77 Proof of documents by production of certified copies | Section 76 Proof of documents by production of certified copies | |
Section 78 Proof of other official documents | Section 77 Proof of other official documents | |
Section 79 Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies | Section 78 Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies | |
Section 80 Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence | Section 79 Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence, etc | |
Section 81 Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, private Acts of Parliament and other documents | Section 80 Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, and other documents | |
Section 81 Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, private Acts of Parliament and other documents | Section 81 Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic or digital record | |
Section 81A Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic forms | Section 80 Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, and other documents | |
Section 81A Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic forms | Section 81 Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic or digital record | |
Section 82 Presumption as to document admissible in England without proof of seal or signature | Section Schedule Certificate | |
Section 83 Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government | Section 82 Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government | |
Section 84 Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions | Section 83 Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions | |
Section 85 Presumption as to powers-of-attorney | Section 84 Presumption as to powersof-attorney | |
Section 85 Presumption as to powers-of-attorney | Section 85 Presumption as to electronic agreements | |
Section 85 Presumption as to powers-of-attorney | Section 86 Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures | |
Section 85 Presumption as to powers-of-attorney | Section 87 Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates | |
Section 85A Presumption as to electronic agreements | Section 84 Presumption as to powersof-attorney | |
Section 85A Presumption as to electronic agreements | Section 85 Presumption as to electronic agreements | |
Section 85A Presumption as to electronic agreements | Section 86 Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures | |
Section 85A Presumption as to electronic agreements | Section 87 Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates | |
Section 85B Presumption as to electronic record and digital signatures | Section 84 Presumption as to powersof-attorney | |
Section 85B Presumption as to electronic record and digital signatures | Section 85 Presumption as to electronic agreements | |
Section 85B Presumption as to electronic record and digital signatures | Section 86 Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures | |
Section 85B Presumption as to electronic record and digital signatures | Section 87 Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates | |
Section 85C Presumption as to Digital Signature Certificates | Section 84 Presumption as to powersof-attorney | |
Section 85C Presumption as to Digital Signature Certificates | Section 85 Presumption as to electronic agreements | |
Section 85C Presumption as to Digital Signature Certificates | Section 86 Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures | |
Section 85C Presumption as to Digital Signature Certificates | Section 87 Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates | |
Section 86 Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records | Section 88 Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records | |
Section 87 Presumption as to books, maps and charts | Section 89 Presumption as to books, maps and charts | |
Section 88 Presumption as to books, maps and charts | Section 90 Presumption as to electronic messages | |
Section 88 Presumption as to books, maps and charts | Section Schedule Certificate | |
Section 88A Presumption as to electronic messages | Section 90 Presumption as to electronic messages | |
Section 88A Presumption as to electronic messages | Section Schedule Certificate | |
Section 89 Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced | Section 91 Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced | |
Section 90 Presumption as to documents thirty years old | Section 92 Presumption as to documents thirty years old | |
Section 90 Presumption as to documents thirty years old | Section 93 Presumption as to electronic records five years old | |
Section 90A Presumption as to electronic records five year old | Section 92 Presumption as to documents thirty years old | |
Section 90A Presumption as to electronic records five year old | Section 93 Presumption as to electronic records five years old | |
Section 91 Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document | Section 94 Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document | |
Section 92 Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement | Section 95 Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement | |
Section 93 Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document | Section 96 Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document | |
Section 94 Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts | Section 97 Exclusion of Evidence against application of document to existing facts | |
Section 95 Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts | Section 98 Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts | |
Section 96 Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons | Section 99 Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons | |
Section 97 Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies | Section 100 Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies | |
Section 98 Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc. | Section 101 Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc | |
Section 99 Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document | Section 102 Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document | |
Section 100 Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act, relating to wills | Section 103 Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills | |
Section 101 Burden of proof | Section 104 Burden of proof | |
Section 102 On whom burden of proof lies | Section 105 On whom burden of proof lies | |
Section 103 Burden of proof as to particular fact | Section 106 Burden of proof as to particular fact | |
Section 104 Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible | Section 107 Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible | |
Section 105 Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions. | Section 108 Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions | |
Section 106 Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge | Section 109 Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge | |
Section 107 Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years | Section 110 Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years | |
Section 108 Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years | Section 111 Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years | |
Section 109 Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent | Section 112 Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent | |
Section 110 Burden of proof as to ownership | Section 113 Burden of proof as to ownership | |
Section 111 Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence | Section 114 Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence | |
Section 111 Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence | Section 115 Presumption as to certain offences | |
Section 111A Presumption as to certain offences | Section 114 Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence | |
Section 111A Presumption as to certain offences | Section 115 Presumption as to certain offences | |
Section 112 Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy | Section 116 Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy | |
Section 113 Proof of cession of territory | Section 117 Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman | |
Section 113 Proof of cession of territory | Section 118 Presumption as to dowry death | |
Section 113 Proof of cession of territory | Section Schedule Certificate | |
Section 113A Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married women | Section 117 Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman | |
Section 113A Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married women | Section 118 Presumption as to dowry death | |
Section 113A Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married women | Section Schedule Certificate | |
Section 113B Presumption as to dowry death | Section 117 Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman | |
Section 113B Presumption as to dowry death | Section 118 Presumption as to dowry death | |
Section 113B Presumption as to dowry death | Section Schedule Certificate | |
Section 114 Court may presume existence of certain acts | Section 119 Court may Presume existence of certain facts | |
Section 114 Court may presume existence of certain acts | Section 120 Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rape | |
Section 114A Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecutions for rape | Section 119 Court may Presume existence of certain facts | |
Section 114A Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecutions for rape | Section 120 Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rape | |
Section 115 Estoppel | | |
Section 116 Estoppel of tenant; and of license of person in possession | Section 122 Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession | |
Section 117 Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee | Section 123 Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee | |
Section 118 Who may testify | Section 124 Who may testify | |
Section 119 Dumb witnesses | Section 125 Witness unable to communicate verbally | |
Section 120 Parties to civil suit, and their wives or husbands, Husbands or wife of person under criminal trial | Section 126 Competency of husband and wife as witnesses in certain cases | |
Section 121 Judges and Magistrates | Section 127 Judges and Magistrates | |
Section 122 Communications during marriage | Section 128 Communications During marriage | |
Section 123 Evidence as to affairs of State | Section 129 Evidence as to affairs of State | |
Section 124 Official communications | Section 130 Official communications | |
Section 125 Information as to commission of offences | Section 131 Information as to commission of offences | |
Section 126 Professional communication | Section 132 Professional communications | |
Section 127 Section 126 to apply to interpreters etc. | Section 132 Professional communications | |
Section 128 Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence | Section 133 Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence | |
Section 129 Confidential communications with legal advisers | Section 134 Confidential communication with legal advisers | |
Section 130 Production of title-deeds of witness not a party | Section 135 Production of title-deeds of witness not a party | |
Section 131 Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having possession, could refuse to produce | Section 136 Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having possession, could refuse to produce | |
Section 132 Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate | Section 137 Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate | |
Section 133 Accomplice | | |
Section 134 Number of witnesses | Section 139 Number of witnesses | |
Section 135 Order of production and examination of witnesses | Section 140 Order of production and examination of witnesses | |
Section 136 Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence | Section 141 Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence | |
Section 137 Examination in chief | Section 142 Examination of witnesses | |
Section 138 Order of examinations | Section 143 Order of examinations | |
Section 139 Cross-examination of person called to produce a document | Section 144 Cross-examination of person called to produce a document | |
Section 140 Witnesses to character | Section 145 Witnesses to character | |
Section 141 Leading questions | Section 146 Leading questions | |
Section 142 When they must not be asked | Section 146 Leading questions | |
Section 143 When they may be asked | Section 146 Leading questions | |
Section 144 Evidence as to matters in writing | Section 147 Evidence as to matters in writing | |
Section 145 Cross-examination as to previous Statements in writing | Section 148 Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing | |
Section 146 Questions lawful in cross-examination | Section 149 Questions lawful in cross-examination | |
Section 147 When witness to be compelled to answer | Section 150 When witness to be compelled to answer | |
Section 148 Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer | Section 151 Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer | |
Section 149 Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds | Section 152 Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds | |
Section 150 Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds | Section 153 Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds | |
Section 151 Indecent and scandalous questions | Section 154 Indecent and scandalous questions | |
Section 152 Questions intended to insult or annoy | Section 155 Questions intended to insult or annoy | |
Section 153 Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity | Section 156 Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity | |
Section 154 Question by party to his own witness | Section 157 Question by party to his own witness | |
Section 155 Impeaching credit of witness | Section 158 Impeaching credit of witness | |
Section 156 Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible | Section 159 Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible | |
Section 157 Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact | Section 160 Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact | |
Section 158 What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 32 or 33 | Section 161 What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 26 or 27 | |
Section 159 Refreshing memory | Section 162 Refreshing memory | |
Section 160 Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 159 | Section 163 Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 162 | |
Section 161 Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory | Section 164 Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory | |
Section 162 Productions of documents | Section 165 Production of documents | |
Section 163 Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice | Section 166 Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice | |
Section 164 Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice | Section 167 Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice | |
Section 165 Judge's power to put questions or order production | Section 168 Judge's power to put questions or order production | |
Section 166 Power of jury or assessors to put questions | Section Schedule Certificate | |
Section 167 No new trial for improper admission or rejection or evidence | Section 169 No new trial for improper admission or rejection of evidence | |
